BENNY GOODMAN Vol.3
'Bumble Bee Stomp'
Original Recordings 1937-1939
It was by a fortuitous quirk of Fate that Benjamin David
Goodman was born on 30 May 1909 in Chicago, for there, during his formative
years, he was able to hear at first hand Louis Armstrong, Johnny Dodds and
Bessie Smith, as well as Leon Roppolo and Frank Teschemacher. After initial
musical training at ten in his local synagogue, at twelve the precocious Benny
took up classical clarinet at Hull House School under John Sylvester and also
studied privately with Franz Schoepp. At thirteen he was already improvising in
jazz and at fourteen he was carrying the card of the American Federation of
Musicians and gigging with Bix Beiderbecke on Great Lakes steamboats.
In 1925 Benny signed with Ben Pollack in Chicago and went
with him to the Venice Ballroom in Los Angeles. He freelanced with Benny Meroff
and other bands, but was intermittently a featured soloist with Pollack, in
Chicago and elsewhere, until 1929. By 1930 one of New York's most sought-after
session players, he frequently participated on disc in groups fronted by Sam
Lanin, Ted Lewis, Red Nichols, Ben Selvin, Joe Venuti et al and in radio
studios with Andre Kostelanetz, Dave Rubinoff, Don Voorhees, Paul Whiteman and
others. During 1932 he formed, and played in, a backing group for ill-fated
crooner Russ Columbo and by 1934 found himself ideally placed to assess the
latest trends in dance-music via the short-lived residency of his sixteen-piece
big-band at Billy Rose's Music Hall.
During the summer of 1934 NBC Radio issued a questionnaire
to analyse listeners' tastes and when 18,000 replies overwhelmingly favoured
dance music a new programme was devised, entitled Let's Dance. Organised by
pianist-conductor Josef Bonime, the show was sponsored by Nabisco (the National
Biscuit Company). Three distinct categories were to be featured on the
programme: a commercial 'sweet' band, a Latin-American combo and an up-tempo
outfit which it was hoped would 'swing just a little bit more'. This last gave Goodman his coast-to-coast
entree and from December 1934 to May 1935 his band were tuned into by each week
by vast audiences of Swing fans.
In July 1935 the Goodman band began its first national tour
and on 21 August took up residency at the Los Angeles Palomar, from which
vantage it quickly acquired first national, then international renown. The band's next port of residence was
the Congress in Chicago (November 1935 to May 1936) and the Swing Era, it has
often been claimed, was truly launched when the Goodman band was voted Number
One later that year in a Down Beat magazine readers' poll. 'The King of Swing', however, albeit a
noted clarinet ace with considerable experience, was a solid rather than a
showy virtuoso who had won no particular distinction as a composer or arranger.
But in the latter instance, his worldwide recognition had made him a magnet for
the best orchestrators, including Jimmy Mundy (1907-1983) and more
significantly pianist-bandleader Fletcher Henderson (1897-1952).
Henderson's arrangements were to provide the first boost to
Goodman's popularity when he was forced through economic necessity to sell them
to Goodman; and soon afterwards he endorsed the Goodman brand of Swing more
fully by becoming Goodman's full-time staff arranger. Taken under the wing of
music-publisher Irving Mills the Goodman outfit, in advance of its first Let's
Dance broadcasts, had cut a few Swing titles for Columbia which at first (in
the admissible opinion of Benny's brother-in-law, the Columbia A & R man
John Hammond) 'did not swing'. By
Christmas 1934, however, the combination of Henderson and the rock-solid
rhythmic pulse of Gene Krupa on Saturday night radio had converted the youth of
America to the new phenomenon.
From early 1935, Goodman's band recorded various numbers
which met with instant and unqualified success, including the atmospheric "Blue
Moon" with its fine vocal by Helen Ward. The bulk of their material, however,
comprised Mills publications for which Goodman received only a flat fee without
royalties. Dissatisfied with this arrangement, the ambitious bandleader soon
negotiated a better deal - with RCA Victor, who, by a happy coincidence, owned
the NBC network that promoted Let's Dance. He also had an ally in RCA chief
executive Ted Wallerstein, who succeeded in securing his ongoing royalty
payments.
When, in May 1935, Nabisco declined to renew his Let's Dance
contract, Goodman accepted, through MCA, an engagement at New York's Roosevelt
Grill. The Grill's clientele, however, accustomed to the sweeter tones of Guy
Lombardo, rebelled against the 'unnerving' Goodman swing, a reaction which
prompted Goodman in June, 1935 to take his men on an (at first unsuccessful)
MCA-sponsored tour which in turn led to the historic first engagement the Los
Angeles Palomar - an event which, broadcast to the American nation, marked the
symbolic birthday of the Swing Era.
Following the Down Beat poll, by late 1936 Goodman had
various hits to his credit (see Naxos 8.120548, Benny Goodman: Swing
Favourites, 1935-1936) a catalogue further extended by "Star Dust" (a
best-selling instrumental revival of the 1929 Hoagy Carmichael-Mitchell Parish
standard, this was coupled with Tommy Dorsey's version of the same number) and
"Bugle Call Rag" (a new arrangement by Henderson of the 1934 Goodman success). Goodman's 1937 gems of Swing were
topped by "Goodnight, My Love" and "This Year's Kisses", while "Smoke Dreams",
"Stompin' At The Savoy", "Afraid To Dream", "Peckin", I Want To Be Happy (a
revival from the classic 1924 Vincent Youmans show No, No, Nanette) and a
Claude Thornhill up-tempoing of the old Scots ballad Loch Lomond (a rarity
insofar as Goodman vocalises, in duet with Martha Tilton) were also the
equivalent of 'hits' during the period that preceded the setting-up, in 1940,
of the US pop charts. Among 1938 jazz items outstanding are a fine Henderson
arrangement of Earl Hines' "Rosetta", a revival of Jimmy McHugh's "I Can't Give
You Anything But Love", Count Basie's Jumpin' At The Woodside and the Goodman
radio opening signature-tune Let's Dance.
The band's most commercial bestsellers of 1938 (as
interpreted from record and sheet-music sales) included many numbers of a more
overtly instrumental inspiration, notably "Sing, Sing, Sing", Slim Gaillard's
The Flat Foot Floogie, Horace Henderson's Big John Special, Fletcher Henderson's
Bumble Bee Stomp and Eddie Dunham's Topsy. In 1939 among its top numbers were
Walter Donaldson and Johnny Mercer's Shut-Eye, Herman Ruby's My Honey's Lovin'
Arms (Harry James' last 'hit' prior to quitting Goodman) and the commercial
Rose Of Washington Square (originally a vocal item by James F. Hanley
interpolated into Ziegfeld's Midnight Frolics of 1919).
Peter Dempsey, 2004